Showing posts with label tense. Show all posts
Showing posts with label tense. Show all posts

Tuesday, 21 February 2012

Lesson 23 - Past Tense [part 2]







The Past Progressive Tense.


The Past Progressive Tense is used to describe an action that was happening in the past but is not happening now. This tense is formed by combining the past tense marker with the progressive marker ka. Whenever these two markers are combined, is always placed before ka and both markers are always placed before the verb. there are no exceptions to this rule; they always appear in this order (+ka+verb)
Example :

John té ka maché épi ti fwè-y - John was walking with his little brother.

Mwen té ka sòti lakay-mwen. - I was leaving my house.

Fanm-lan té ka pléwé pou yich-li. - The woman was crying for her child.

Nou té ka kondwi a lopital-la. - We were driving to the hospital.

Li té ka gadé mwen oswè-a. - She was watching me tonight.

Yo té ka apwann palé Alman. - They were learning to speak German.

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Please translate the following sentences into the Past Progressive tense:

1. I danced with you.

2. We are eating a roasted duck.

3. I sing.

4. We are stealing money.

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 Mwen té ka dansé épi'w.- I was dancing with you.

Nou té ka manjé yon kanna woti. - We were eating a roasted duck.

Mwen té ka chanté. - I was singing.

Nou té ka vòlè lajan. -We were stealing money.

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USED TO


To express that something used to be done in the past, use the TÉ KA construction.


Example :


Tanlontan, Mwen té ka wété an Fwans. - Long ago, I used to live in France.

Lè papa-yo té jenn, i té ka palé Italyen. - When their father was young, he used to speak Italian.

Dé lanne pasé, mwen té ka tjwit pou léwa-a. - Two years ago I used to cook for the king.


Li té ka alé légliz Òpò. - He used to go to church in Port-of-Spain.

Tuesday, 7 February 2012

Lesson 22 - The Past Tense [part 1]


The Past Tense can be expressed more directly by the use of the marker. This marker is used to indicate that some action took place in the past; it is also applied to past conditions. The tense marker can be used with other markers in expressing more complex notions of time. The tense marker always appears before nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Example:

Mizik-la bèl oswè-a. - The music was great tonight.

Lè mwen tan nouvèl-la, mwen kontan. - When I heard the news, I was happy.

Manzèl-la té swen pòpò-a épi lanmou -The woman lovingly cared for the baby.

Dé vyé nonm-lan malad. - The two old men were sick.

Mwen la pou baptènm-la - I was there for the baptism.


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The Recent Past


Any action that was completed in the recent past or just before the present time, is expressed by the use of SÒTI. The recent past tense is formed by placing SÒTI before the verb.

Example:

Nou sòti lavé sé wad-la. - We just washed the clothes.

Fwè mwen sòti pati lékòl. - My bother just left school.

Tonton-li sòti manjé yon bon soup. - His uncle just ate a good soup.

Papa, maman, mwen sòti yon zonbi! - Dad, Mom, I just saw a ghost!

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Please translate the following sentences. You will find the answers below.


1. The elephant just passed here.

2. A big bird just flew over our heads.

3. James just got off the boat.

4. Anne just fought the thief.


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1) Léfan-an fini pasé isi-a.

2) Yon gwo zwézo fini volé anlè tèt-nou an.

3) James fini débatjé bato-a.

4) Anne fini goumen vòlè-a.


Friday, 3 February 2012

Lesson 21 - Simple Present and PastTense.

The Simple present and The Simple Past Tense is indicated by the absence of any verbal particles (or the “zero marker”). The simple present is used to express general truths. The tense is learned from context. When the verb appears alone, it indicates an action that will not be repeated.


1. Simple Present Tense: Mwen twavay wèd. (I work hard.)
    Simple past tense: Mwen twavay wèd yè oswè-a. (I worked hard last night)




2. Simple Present Tense: Nou wè Pierre. (We see Pierre.)
   Simple Past Tense: Nou wè Pierre simenn pasé-a. (We saw Pierre last week.)




3. Simple Present Tense: Ou konpwann mwen. (You understand me.)
 Simple Past Tense: Ou konpwann mwen avan. (You understood me before.)


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Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future.

Example:

1. Chat pa tété wat.- (Cats do not suckle rats.)

2. Kochon pa volé. - (Pigs do not fly.)

3. Bondyé pa manti. - (God does not lie.)


The Simple Present Tense can be used to express that an action is happening or not happening now. This can only be done with non-continuous verbs such as the verbs to be, to want, to cost, to need, etc.

Example:

1. Mwen bizwen lanmou'w atwèlman. - (I need your love now.)

2. Mwen pa bizwen lanmou'w atwèlman. - (I don't need your love now.)

3. Nou tini twa tablo Cazabon. - (We have three of Cazabon's paintings.)

4. Nou pa tini twa tablo Cazabon. - (We don't have three Cazabon paintings.)



Note: atwèlman, is one variant of the adverb atjwèlman meaning now.


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The Simple Past Tense.

The Simple Past Tense is used to express an idea that an action was started and completed sometime in the past; occasionally, the speaker may not specify when the action took place, but there is a specific time in mind.


1. Nou dansé oswè-a. - We danced tonight.

2. Manzèl-la bouwi sé fèy-la. - The woman boiled the leaves.

3. Ou kwiyé minis-la? - Did you call the minister?

4. Gangan-mwen pati. - My grandmother left.